Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpigmentation
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References
Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation 32644576 NIH
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) waa dhibaato maqaarka oo soo noqnoqota oo dhacda kadib caabuq maqaarka ama dhaawac. Waxay u egtahay inay sii socoto waqti dheer waxayna aad uga xun tahay dadka leh midab madow (Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI). Inkasta oo ay inta badan iskeed u soo roonaato, tani waxay qaadan kartaa waqti, sidaas darteed daawaynta badanaa waxay u baahan tahay waqti dheer. Isku darka daaweynta kala duwan ayaa si fiican u shaqeeya.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common acquired cutaneous disorder occurring after skin inflammation or injury. It is chronic and is more common and severe in darker-skinned individuals (Fitzpatrick skin types III–VI). While the condition typically improves spontaneously, this process can take months to years, necessitating prolonged treatment. Combination therapy is the most effective.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: a review of the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment options in skin of color 20725554 NIH
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation waa daba-galka caadiga ah ee ka dhasha caabuqa maqaarka. Waxay si gaar ah u saameysaa dadka leh maqaarka madow. Daraasadaha waxay muujinayaan in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation ay ka mid tahay sababaha ugu waaweyn ee dadka madow ay u raadsadaan daryeelka maqaarka. Daaweynta hore waa muhiim si loo xakameeyo postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, waxaana badanaa lagu bilaabaa maaraynta caabuqa bilowga ah. Daaweynta koowaad waxay caadi ahaan ku lug leedahay isticmaalka walxaha maqaarka lagu mariyo ee jilicsan, oo ay weheliyaan isticmaalka muraayadaha qorraxda si looga hortago. Wakiilada sida hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, iyo licorice extract waxay si wax ku ool ah u yareeyaan midab‑bixinta xad dhaafka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, retinoids, mequinol, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, N‑acetyl glucosamine, iyo soy sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilada midabaynta, waxaana la horumarinayaa daawooyin cusub. Maadaama daaweynta maqaarka lagu mariyo ay caadi ahaan waxtar u leedahay heerarka sare ee midabka, hababka sida laser ama chemical peel ayaa laga yaabaa inay lagama maarmaan noqdaan kiisaska adkaysiga. Waxaa muhiim ah in daawadan si taxadar leh loo isticmaalo si looga fogaado xanaaq iyo in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation uusan sii xumaan.
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is a common sequelae of inflammatory dermatoses that tends to affect darker skinned patients with greater frequency and severity. Epidemiological studies show that dyschromias, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, are among the most common reasons darker racial/ethnic groups seek the care of a dermatologist. The treatment of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation should be started early to help hasten its resolution and begins with management of the initial inflammatory condition. First-line therapy typically consists of topical depigmenting agents in addition to photoprotection including a sunscreen. Topical tyrosinase inhibitors, such as hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, and certain licorice extracts, can effectively lighten areas of hypermelanosis. Other depigmenting agents include retinoids, mequinol, ascorbic acid, niacinamide, N-acetyl glucosamine, and soy with a number of emerging therapies on the horizon. Topical therapy is typically effective for epidermal postinflammatory hyperpigmentation; however, certain procedures, such as chemical peeling and laser therapy, may help treat recalcitrant hyperpigmentation. It is also important to use caution with all of the above treatments to prevent irritation and worsening of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.